DR. ADETOKUNBO BORISHADE Ph.D. | POST LECTURE GROUP CONVERSATION – LANCESCURV

Great Pyramid of Giza Construction (c. 2580–2560 BCE): The construction of the Great Pyramid is a testament to ancient Egyptian civilization’s architectural and engineering prowess.
Carthage and Rome Conflict (Punic Wars, 264–146 BCE): The Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome shaped the Mediterranean region and had lasting consequences for North Africa.
Axum Empire (c. 100–940 CE): The Axumite Kingdom in present-day Ethiopia was a major trading power and played a significant role in the spread of Christianity in the region.
Spread of Islam in Africa (7th century onwards): The spread of Islam had a profound impact on the social, cultural, and political landscape of Africa.
Kingdom of Mali (c. 1230–1600): Mali was a powerful and wealthy West African kingdom, known for its gold trade and the legendary city of Timbuktu.
Great Zimbabwe (11th–15th centuries): The city of Great Zimbabwe was a major center of trade and a symbol of the advanced civilization in Southern Africa.
Swahili Coast Trading Cities (8th–16th centuries): East African coastal cities played a crucial role in Indian Ocean trade, connecting Africa to the wider world.
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes (8th–16th centuries): These trade routes facilitated cultural and economic exchanges between North and West Africa.
Songhai Empire (c. 15th–16th centuries): The Songhai Empire was one of the largest empires in African history, known for its economic and cultural achievements.
Atlantic Slave Trade (15th–19th centuries): The transatlantic slave trade had a profound impact on Africa, leading to the forced migration of millions of people.
Scramble for Africa (Late 19th–early 20th centuries): European colonial powers partitioned Africa, leading to artificial borders and profound socio-political changes.
Battle of Adwa (1896): Ethiopia’s victory over Italian forces at Adwa demonstrated African resistance to European imperialism.
Pan-African Congresses (1900s): These conferences aimed to promote unity and cooperation among African nations and address colonial issues.
Negritude Movement (1930s–1950s): A literary and ideological movement that celebrated African identity and heritage.
Apartheid in South Africa (1948–1994): The institutionalized system of racial segregation and discrimination had profound social and political consequences.
African Independence Movements (1950s–1960s): Many African nations gained independence from colonial rule during this period.
Congo Crisis (1960–1965): The political and social turmoil in the Democratic Republic of Congo following its independence from Belgium.
Biafra Civil War (1967–1970): The conflict in Nigeria resulted in significant loss of life and highlighted ethnic tensions.
End of Apartheid (1994): Nelson Mandela’s election marked the end of institutionalized racism in South Africa.
Rwandan Genocide (1994): The genocide resulted in the mass killing of ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus in Rwanda.
HIV/AIDS Epidemic: Africa has been significantly affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, with widespread health and socio-economic consequences.
Arab Spring (2010–2012): While not limited to Africa, the Arab Spring had repercussions in North African countries like Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya.
Ebola Outbreak (2014–2016): The Ebola virus outbreak had severe health and economic impacts, particularly in West Africa.
Sudanese Revolution (2018–2019): Mass protests led to the ousting of Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir.
COVID-19 Pandemic (2019–present): The global pandemic has affected Africa, highlighting challenges in healthcare infrastructure and economic disparities.