Tropical Race 4 (TR4) disease, also known as Fusarium wilt, is a destructive fungal disease that affects bananas and plantains. It is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense, which attacks the vascular system of the plant, blocking the transport of water and nutrients.
TR4 disease is particularly virulent and can cause significant damage to banana crops, leading to lower yields and even complete crop loss. It is spread through soil, water, and infected plant material, and can persist in soil for many years.
There is currently no known cure for TR4 disease, and control measures rely on prevention and containment. These may include using disease-free planting material, practicing good sanitation and hygiene in the field, and avoiding the movement of infected plant material.
TR4 disease has become a significant threat to global banana production, particularly for the Cavendish banana variety, which is widely grown and exported. Many countries, including those in Latin America and Asia, have reported outbreaks of TR4 disease in recent years, and efforts are underway to develop new disease-resistant banana varieties and control strategies.
Overall, TR4 disease is a major concern for the global banana industry, and ongoing research and collaboration will be needed to address this threat and ensure the long-term sustainability of banana production.